Translation Methods and the Notion of the Translator's Visibility: Evaluating the Latest Translations of Alexander Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" into English

The issue of translation methods has been discussed in one way or another since the birth of translation itself. However, shortly before the turn of the 21st century it was promoted as the focus of contemporary translation studies by Lawrence Venuti, with the publication of his book The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation in 1995. In this book Venuti gives names to two translation methods, domesticating and foreignizing, and advocates visibility, or self-positioning, for the translator in his or her work. Venuti’s ideas have triggered various polemical reactions in translation studies, the reverberations from which are still heard today. My thesis is a modest contribution to the development of our understanding of the two translation methods and the notion of the translator’s visibility which is closely linked to them. In terms of the scale, data modalities and methodologies used it is a pioneering study. Pushkin’s novel in verse Eugene Onegin (1830s), one of the key texts of Russian literature, is chosen to provide data for my research based on the following five contemporary translations into English: Douglas Hofstadter (1999), Olivia Emmet and Svetlana Makourenkova (1999), Tom Beck (2004), Henry Hoyt (2008) and Stanley Mitchell (2008). The focus of my investigations is on the novel’s book covers, the translator’s introductory chapters and other supplementary materials, and the text of Chapter Five of the novel. Visual images, paratextual and textual features of Eugene Onegin have been systematically analysed in order to identify several patterns of the translators’ self-positioning in their work and to specify what constitutes domesticating and foreignizing translation. My findings reveal a strong intention on the part of translators to be visible in their work and also point to the lack of indicators for defining the two methods to constitute a simple bi-polar contrast

Development of Intelligent Interface to Input and Edit Meteorological Data

The paper presents the method of development of user interface for the hydrometeorological data acquisition system. This research includes some basic principles of creating hydrometeorological messages according to code KN-01 SYNOP. This code allows creating messages as a set of code groups. Every group keeps values of definite meteorological properties. The result of studies was implemented in creating of the user interface for the software that allows working with hydrometeorological data. The KN-01 code defines the class hierarchy of this software. The studies have shown that this method of software development is especially effective for visualization of the meteorological telegrams on devices with small display

ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN RUSSIA

Статья посвящена развитию органического сельского хозяйства в России, при котором будут соблюдены все принципы и задачи производства органической продукции, соответствующие международным требованиям, для обеспечения конкурентоспособности органической продукции отечественных сельскохозяйственных товаропроизводителей. Определено понятие органического сельского хозяйства. Обоснована значимость производства органических продуктов питания, так как употребление в пищу экологически безопасных продуктов для человека является основой его жизнедеятельности и помогает восстановиться организму после воздействия некачественных продуктов питания и окружающей среды, а также обеспечения продовольственной безопасности страны. Спрос на органическую продукцию среди населения во многих странах мира с каждым годом увеличивается. Сегодня органическим сельским хозяйством занимаются около 160 стран. Приведены примеры стран, где успешно развивается органическое сельское хозяйство и существует высокий спрос на органические продукты питания – Европа и США. На примере Германии показаны, какие факторы поспособствовали качественному и быстрому развитию органического сельского хозяйства. В российской теории и практике вопросы развития органического сельского хозяйства исследованы не в полном объеме. Изучены действующий проект закона, нормативно-правовые акты и стандарты для производства органической продукции на территории России. Представлена процедура прохождения сертификации для российских производителей органических продуктов. Исследование позволило оценить сложившееся состояние развития органического сельского хозяйства и рынка сбыта органической продукции в России. Выявлены факторы и условия, которые сдерживают развитие органического сельского хозяйства на территории России.Цель исследования состоит в разработке рекомендаций по развитию и ведению органического сельского хозяйства в России, а также повышению конкурентоспособности отечественных сельскохозяйственных производителей органической продукции.Метод или методология проведения работы: при написании статьи были применены такие методы научного исследования, как изучение отечественной и зарубежной научной литературы и нормативно-правовой базы по теме исследования, обобщение полученной информации, экономико-статистический анализ, аналитический и сравнительный методы.Результаты: Сформулированы предложения и рекомендации, способствующие развитию органического сельского хозяйства с целью повышения конкурентоспособности отечественной органической сельскохозяйственной продукции, а также обеспечения продовольственной безопасности нашей страны.Область применения результатов: практическая значимость исследования состоит в возможности использования теоретических разработок и результатов автора в других научно-исследовательских учреждениях при проведении аналогичных исследований, при разработке или совершенствовании государственными органами нормативно-правовой базы по развитию сельского хозяйства, в том числе органического сельского хозяйства, а также в учебном процессе для подготовки специалистов в области ведения органического сельского хозяйства.Article is devoted to the development of organic agriculture in Russia, where all principles and problems of organic products production conforming to the international requirements to ensure the competitiveness of organic production by domestic agricultural producers will be observed. The concept of organic agriculture is defined. The importance of organic food production as consumption of ecologically safe products for the person is a basis of his activity is proved and helps to be restored to an organism after influence of low-quality food and the environment, and also ensuring food security of the country. Demand for organic production for the population in many countries increases constantly. Nowadays, about 160 countries use organic agriculture. There are some countries where organic agriculture is successfully developed and there is a great demand on organic food – Europe and the USA. It is shown for Germany, what factors promoted high-quality and fast development of organic agriculture. In the Russian theory and practice issues of development of organic agriculture are not compeletely studied. The current draft law, regulatory legal acts and standards for the production of organic products in Russia were studied. The procedure for passing certification for Russian producers of organic products is presented. The study made it possible to assess the current state of development of organic agriculture and the market for organic products in Russia. Factors and conditions that inhibit the development of organic agriculture in Russia are revealed.The aim is to prepare the recommendations for the development and maintaining organic agriculture in Russia, and to increase the competitiveness of domestic agricultural manufacturers of organic production.Methodology. Such methods of scientific research were applied as the study of domestic and foreign scientific literature and the regulatory and legal framework on the research theme, generalization of the received information, economic and statistical analysis, analytical and comparative methods.Results: Proposals and recommendations are formulated that promote the development of organic agriculture in order to increase the competitiveness of domestic organic agricultural products, as well as ensure the food security of our country.Practical implications: the practical importance of a research is the possibility to use the theoretical developments and the author results from other research fields when carrying out similar surveys, during the developing or improvement of standard and legal base by public authorities on agriculture development, including organic agriculture, and also in educational process to train the specialists in the field of maintaining organic agriculture

Round table technology in university educational process

The process of building students' competence must meet modern requirements and include the use of innovative technologies. The development trends of modern society have led to the emergence of a competency-based approach in vocational education. In the process of building professional competence, it is necessary to use technologies that meet the requirements of the Federal state educational standards which contribute to the development of practical focus of training. Among such technologies we single out technologies for holding a round table. The technologies of the round table are not new, but due to combination with various innovative technologies, they become more relevant. The implementation of the round table in the training of vocational education teachers is a discussion process that speculates about a relevant topic requiring a comprehensive analysis. Modern conditions provide arrangements of round tables with their own specifics. The purpose of the article is to identify the effectiveness of holding round tables in students’ preparation in higher educational institutions. The article presents basic principles on which the technology of the round table is based, its ideas and essence, as well as the features of its holding. A study conducted at a pedagogical university during the training of vocational education teachers is presented. It showed the need for implementing round-table technologies in preparing students for future professional activities, as the ones allowing students to build effective discussions, negotiate based on arguments and facts. We have identified the effectiveness of the "round tables" in the training of students in higher educational institutions. The study made it possible to establish the level of students’ preparedness for conducting effective discussions for the implementation of future professional activities in secondary vocational educational institutions. The technology of the round table allows to increase the knowledge level of students. The results can be used in students’ training in various faculties

The Impact of Upcoming Treatments in Huntington's Disease: Resource Capacity Limitations and Access to Care Implications.

BACKGROUND The most advanced disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in development for Huntington's disease (HD) require intrathecal (IT) administration, which may create or exacerbate bottlenecks in resource capacity. OBJECTIVE To understand the readiness of healthcare systems for intrathecally administered HD DMTs in terms of resource capacity dynamics and implications for patients' access to treatment. METHODS Forty HD centres across 12 countries were included. Qualitative and quantitative data on current capacity in HD centres and anticipated capacity needs following availability of a DMT were gathered via interviews with healthcare professionals (HCPs). Data modelling was used to estimate the current capacity gap in HD centres. RESULTS From interviews with 218 HCPs, 25% of HD centres are estimated to have the three components required for IT administration (proceduralists, nurses and facilities). On average, 114 patients per centre per year are anticipated to receive intrathecally administered DMTs in the future. At current capacity, six of the sampled centres are estimated to be able to deliver DMTs to all the anticipated patients based on current resources. The estimated waiting time for IT administration at current capacity will average 60 months (5 years) by the second year after DMT availability. CONCLUSION Additional resources are needed in HD centres for future DMTs to be accessible to all anticipated patients. Timely collaboration by the HD community will be needed to address capacity gaps. Healthcare policymakers and payers will need to address costs and navigate challenges arising from country- or region-specific healthcare delivery schemes

Tax Incentives for use of Alternative Energy Sources in the Russian Federation

Increasingly widespread use of alternative energy sources solves a number of urgent state problems, such as reduction of environmental pollution, diversification of energy resources, and weakening the dependence of the budget on oil revenues. The present article considers the role of taxes in the economic motivation of production and the use of alternative energy sources, as well as analyzes world practices of tax regulation in consumption of energy from renewable natural resources. In the course of the study, methods of collecting and processing secondary information were used, namely, grouping, generalization, classification, systematization, and modeling. In order to optimize the use of the proposed tax instruments, the latter are grouped according to the category of taxpayers. Keywords: power industry, alternative energy sources, government control, taxes JEL Classifications: H23, Q29, Q57 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.796

The Goal Setting of Internal Control in the System of Project Financing

The article deals with the problems of internal corporate control over the formation of financial resources for particular economic projects of technological re-equipment of expanded reproduction factors (tools and objects of labor, labor organization and motivation). Two main objectives were stated in the article. The first one is to identify the dependency of the dynamics of the planned financial capacity of innovative projects, their actual coverage and results received upon the completion of project works that are the subjects and objects of internal corporate control. The second one objective is to rationalize the effectiveness of internal corporate control methods, depending on the choice of control rules, established by the legislative acts of the Russian Federation. The methods of economic analysis – comparison, grouping and balance method of data systematization were used. The lack of motivation of control subjects to revealing the risks of project financing was identified. The measures were offered to improve the efficiency of internal corporate control, providing innovative activity of business entities by optimizing the sources of projects financing and expansion of financial information in the notes to financial statements. Keywords: innovative projects, project financing, internal corporate control, targeting of internal control, financial capacity of projects. JEL Classifications: G30, G3